In 1963, while doodling on paper during a boring meeting, Polish-born American mathe-matician Stanislaw Ulam discovered a remarkable spiral reveals patterns in prime numbers. (A prime number larger than I, such as 5 or 13, that is divisible only by itself or I.) Starting with I at the center of the counterclockwise spiral, Ulam wrote consecutive natural number. He then circled all the prime number. As the spiral grew larger, he noticed that the prime number tended to form diagonal patterns.