Participatory methods are relevant at all stages, from initial policy formulation and programme appraisal through the different evaluation stages including ex ante, programme implementation and improvement, and impact assessment at the ex post stage.
A survey of the literature suggests participatory monitoring and evaluation is primarily used in impact assessment and project management.
But there is also increased use of participatory methods for newer purposes including organisational strengthening, understanding and negotiation of stakeholders’ perceptions and increased public accountability.