molecular mechanism of the above-mentioned differences.
Short-day promotion of Hd3a expression in
rice
The evolutionarily conserved regulatory module for
photoperiodic flowering consists of GIGANTEA(GI)-CONSTANS(CO)-FT signaling pathways, where the
clock-associated protein GI upregulates expression of
CO, encoding a B-box zinc finger transcription factor,
and in turn CO activates expression of the florigen gene
FT, encoding a small protein with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein [3,4]. The GI-CO-FT
pathway is active only during LD in Arabidopsis, because
COexpression starts to increase at the end of light period
during LD. Thus, a sufficient amount of CO protein can
be accumulated to induce FT expression, by escaping
from the ubiquitin-mediated degradation in darkness
through the activity of the RING-finger ubiquitin ligase
CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1
(COP1). In SD, CO expression starts to increase in
darkness, thus translated protein is immediately degraded
[17,18]. GI-CO-FT also plays a central role in rice, but
regulatory modification of this conserved module completely reverted the photoperiodic response on florigen
gene expression [12
,19
].
molecular mechanism of the above-mentioned differences.Short-day promotion of Hd3a expression inriceThe evolutionarily conserved regulatory module forphotoperiodic flowering consists of GIGANTEA(GI)-CONSTANS(CO)-FT signaling pathways, where theclock-associated protein GI upregulates expression ofCO, encoding a B-box zinc finger transcription factor,and in turn CO activates expression of the florigen geneFT, encoding a small protein with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein [3,4]. The GI-CO-FTpathway is active only during LD in Arabidopsis, becauseCOexpression starts to increase at the end of light periodduring LD. Thus, a sufficient amount of CO protein canbe accumulated to induce FT expression, by escapingfrom the ubiquitin-mediated degradation in darknessthrough the activity of the RING-finger ubiquitin ligaseCONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1(COP1). In SD, CO expression starts to increase indarkness, thus translated protein is immediately degraded[17,18]. GI-CO-FT also plays a central role in rice, butregulatory modification of this conserved module completely reverted the photoperiodic response on florigengene expression [12,19].
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