However, these researches omitted the facts that Al in TWIP
steel may bring solution strengthening, and high temperature
often leads to deformation softening. Depending on our previous
study [12], the distribution of DTs can be adjusted by altering the
strain rates. Additionally, the maximal temperature rise was
evaluated to be 95 1C during high strain rate test [13]. This
temperature rise can be neglected in comparison with the melting
point (more than 1300 1C [14]), especially considering the high
thermal stability of the DTs [15]. Hence, the direct relation
between DTs and work hardening can be evaluated by adjusting
the tensile strain rate, without the interferences from the solution
strengthening or the high temperature softening. Meanwhile, a
parameter named density of TB (DTB) was proposed to evaluate
the effect of DTs on the work hardening in Fe–22Mn–0.6C (wt%)
TWIP steel with two grain sizes under different strain rates.