1. Introduction
The increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in
the atmosphere are a remarkable issue currently and it is highly
related to global warming [1,2]. In the atmospheric GHGs, carbon
dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas and its emissions
from fossil fuel combustion are the main source [3]. The
development of carbon capture and storage in power plants has
been thought of as a crucial countermeasure to lessen carbon
dioxide emissions. Furthermore, if the captured carbon dioxide can
be recycled and reused, the greenhouse gas is not a waste any more
but a raw material. For instance, carbon dioxide has been
consumed in some industries, such as pulp and paper, beverage,
food processing, and metal industries [4]. Therefore, from the
viewpoints of energy production and the mitigation of carbon
dioxide emissions, reusing carbon dioxide into the production of
useful chemicals or fuels [5–8] is a potential scope.
As far as hydrogen is concerned, it has been widely considered
as a promising fuel of the future because of its high power density,
cleanliness, and deliverability. Hydrogen generation and production
is the first step to construct the prospective hydrogen
economy, even the hydrogen civilization [9]. Though hydrogen can
be produced through the electrochemical, photobiological, and