3.2. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
Total energy consumption consisted of fuel used for the production
and maintenance of machines and manual labor used for
driving tractors and balers and handling straw. EC networks of the
collection machines ranged from 351 to 588 MJt−1, with the main
contributions from direct and indirect energy obtained based on
diesel used (Fig. 3a–c). GHGE ranged from 60 to 165 kg CO2-eq per
ton of collected straw, depending on the energy consumption of
the machines (Fig. 4).