In addition to these control variables, some scholars argue that profit capability, debt level and industry are
also important factors influencing audit fees. Accordingly, we include return on assets (ROA) (to represent
profit capability), LEVERAGE (a proxy for debt level) and industry variables based on the China Securities
Regulatory Commission (CSRC) industry classification (with finance industry observations eliminated and
manufacturing used as the benchmark) and run a regression using data for 2007 and 2008. The results show
the coefficients of neither ROA nor LEVERAGE to be significant, which is consistent with Zhang and Xu
(2005) and Liu et al. (2003). The coefficients for all of the industry variables, with the exception of the real
estate industry (which has a significantly negative sign), are insignificant. As these additional control variables
add little explanatory power to the model (the adjusted R2 increases by less than 0.04) and exert little influence
on the initial explanatory variables, we do not include them.
Table 2 lists the type, name and definitions of the variables included in Model 1.
In addition to these control variables, some scholars argue that profit capability, debt level and industry are
also important factors influencing audit fees. Accordingly, we include return on assets (ROA) (to represent
profit capability), LEVERAGE (a proxy for debt level) and industry variables based on the China Securities
Regulatory Commission (CSRC) industry classification (with finance industry observations eliminated and
manufacturing used as the benchmark) and run a regression using data for 2007 and 2008. The results show
the coefficients of neither ROA nor LEVERAGE to be significant, which is consistent with Zhang and Xu
(2005) and Liu et al. (2003). The coefficients for all of the industry variables, with the exception of the real
estate industry (which has a significantly negative sign), are insignificant. As these additional control variables
add little explanatory power to the model (the adjusted R2 increases by less than 0.04) and exert little influence
on the initial explanatory variables, we do not include them.
Table 2 lists the type, name and definitions of the variables included in Model 1.
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