A single cylinder, 4-stroke, air-cooled diesel engine with a displacement
volume of 661.5 cc (87.5 mm bore 110 mm stroke) developing 4.4 kW was used for the study. The engine was run at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The specification of test engine is given in Table 1. The measurement accuracy and uncertainty is given in Table 2. Commercially available diesel was used as fuel. A swinging field dynamometer was used to load the engine. A detailed layout of experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. A turbine type flow meter was used to measure the airflow rate. Both diesel and emulsion flows were measured on the mass basis. An Inductive type needle lift transducer was fabricated to determine the dynamic
injection timing.