Over the period from 1995 to 2012 the land-use
practices and land cover structure in Nan Province
underwent substantial changes. A reduction of the
territories occupied by natural forests, with an increase
in cultivated lands, occurred in spite of the Forestry
Act enforced in 1989 by the Government of Thailand
imposing a ban on commercial forest exploitation in
natural forests [15]. It was elaborated in 1988 in the
wake of heavy floods that affected Southern Thailand.
The natural disaster killed more than 373 people, and
the economic damage amounted to $294 million [16].
The State undertook also other measures aimed at the
rehabilitation of forest stands; a campaign was launched
in order to inform the population on the consequences of
deforestation. In forests of mountainous areas, however,
illegal felling and other forms of encroachment upon
the forest resources are observed to date. As was shown
above, the areas of cultivated lands increased during
1995–2012. This was due to a number of factors, such
as: ineffective control over forests due to a shortage of
forest guardians; an unclear character of the boundaries
separating the lands of rural communities and protected
areas (frequently these exist only on paper), and the
possibilities for sales of produce grown in illegal fields
(maize, cassava, etc.) through subpurchasers.
Among the measures for mediating deforestation
and resource utilization conflicts are a monitoring of
the land cover dynamics, a clear differentiation between
protected and common lands, the establishment of
the property right to lands situated beyond the key
catchments, and the involvement of the local population
in the governance of nature management.
Over the period from 1995 to 2012 the land-usepractices and land cover structure in Nan Provinceunderwent substantial changes. A reduction of theterritories occupied by natural forests, with an increasein cultivated lands, occurred in spite of the ForestryAct enforced in 1989 by the Government of Thailandimposing a ban on commercial forest exploitation innatural forests [15]. It was elaborated in 1988 in thewake of heavy floods that affected Southern Thailand.The natural disaster killed more than 373 people, andthe economic damage amounted to $294 million [16].The State undertook also other measures aimed at therehabilitation of forest stands; a campaign was launchedin order to inform the population on the consequences ofdeforestation. In forests of mountainous areas, however,illegal felling and other forms of encroachment uponthe forest resources are observed to date. As was shownabove, the areas of cultivated lands increased during1995–2012. This was due to a number of factors, suchas: ineffective control over forests due to a shortage offorest guardians; an unclear character of the boundariesseparating the lands of rural communities and protectedareas (frequently these exist only on paper), and thepossibilities for sales of produce grown in illegal fields(maize, cassava, etc.) through subpurchasers.Among the measures for mediating deforestationand resource utilization conflicts are a monitoring ofthe land cover dynamics, a clear differentiation betweenprotected and common lands, the establishment ofthe property right to lands situated beyond the keycatchments, and the involvement of the local populationin the governance of nature management.
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