It wasn't until the 18th century that orthodontics began to evolve.
French physician Pierre Fauchard introduced the bandeau, a metal arch to which all the teeth were tied with thread.
The word "orthodontia" was coined in 1841 by Frenchman Joachim Lefouion, and his countryman J.M. Alexis Schange introduced screws and rubber bands to the field (actually, the first ones were lengths of rubber tubing).
That same year, American dentist Solymon Brown published the first American book on orthodontics, Essay on Regulating the Teeth, Based on the efforts of these and other pioneering dentists, orthodontics was on its way to straightening out snaggleteeth the world over.