Reception and Horizons of Expectations
A number of studies focusing on television examine the different ways that different groups receive the same cultural object. These studies have demon¬strated differences across ethnicity and national origin, lnterprfiiive community, class, race, and gender. Not all studies refer explicitly to the different horizons of expectations (the background characteristics of people and groups and the assumptions that shape their reading of art objects), but they all suggest, in effect, that these different groups have different horizons which lead them to take different meanings from the objects or to use different reading strategies when consuming them.