Fig. 1. Effects of ghrelin on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon and cortisol concentrations in pre-ruminant calves and non-lactating and lactating cows. The plasma
glucose (upper left panel), insulin (upper right panel), glucagon (lower left panel) and cortisol (lower right panel) concentrations are shown following the control (●;
2% BSA saline) and ghrelin (▴; 0.3 nmol/kg BW) treatments. The arrows indicate the injection of each reagent. Mean values for four animals are shown for each
physiological state. Vertical bars represent the SE; when the SE is small, the bar is masked by the symbol. Open symbols indicate a significant difference (Pb0.05)
compared with the basal value, which was calculated as the mean of the −15 and 0 min samples and is represented as 0-min on the horizontal axis. ***, ** and *:
Significant differences were seen between ghrelin and control buffer injections at Pb0.001, Pb0.01 and Pb0.05, respectively. †: Pb0.1, the result was considered to
show a tendency of difference.