The production of policy-relevant information, whether descriptive, valuative, or prescriptive in character, takes place by employing definite analytical procedures. These procedures differ not only in terms of the kinds of questions for which they are appropriate, but also in terms of their temporal relation to action. Thus, prediction and prescription typically come into use before an action has been adopted (ex ante), whereas description and evaluation are normally employed after an action has occurred
(ex post). Prediction and prescription deal with the future, while description and evaluation are concerned with the past.
The production of policy-relevant information, whether descriptive, valuative, or prescriptive in character, takes place by employing definite analytical procedures. These procedures differ not only in terms of the kinds of questions for which they are appropriate, but also in terms of their temporal relation to action. Thus, prediction and prescription typically come into use before an action has been adopted (ex ante), whereas description and evaluation are normally employed after an action has occurred (ex post). Prediction and prescription deal with the future, while description and evaluation are concerned with the past.
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