However, in public administration theory and practice, the concept does not imply a universal truth. Instead, the acceptance of best practices is tenuous since they can be revised by various methods, such as law, case law and judicial rulings, the work of professional organizations and measures adopted by public and private employers. Discourse and the acceptance of change are integral parts of the learning process.
Let me illustrate this learning process using the merit system as example. In a graduate seminar we studied the history of the merit system and its evolution over time. We also discussed the objections raised in Texas, Georgia and other states. Quite a few students agreed with the criticism, especially the automatic step increases and promotions, because the students felt that their agency would work better with younger and more competent leadership.