These animals were the ones with highest antibody responses and thus the ones that were expected to have reacted in a beneficial way. One explanation could be an antibody dependent enhancement that could however not be further investigated in the framework of this study due to the lack of sampling in the critical period (days 2 to 4). This phenomenon is known for several virusesand was also discussed for ASFV [18]. In consequence, humoralresponses against ASFV seem to play a two-sided role. It is known