which means that a single polyp produces both male and
female gametes within one breeding season. Two different
modes of reproduction are known (see Fig. 3): (i) internal
fertilization and release of settlement-competent planula
larvae (also known as brooding) or (ii) external fertilization
with a 1–4 days planktonic embryogenic stage depending
on the species and water conditions (also known as broadcast spawning). Reproductive cycles are often dependent on
external cues, such as seasonal temperature (spawning usually occurs when the water temperature reaches its annual
maximum of 28–30°C) and the lunar cycle. Brooders may
release larvae daily, without a visible pattern, or have
monthly or seasonal reproductive cycles, whereas broadcast
spawners usually show an annual cycle where they spawn in
a few consecutive nights of two consecutive months. In a
recent review, Bairdet al.(2009) found out that of approximately 400 scleractinian species investigated, 16% are
brooders and 30% are gonochoric. Self-fertilization has
been observed in hermaphroditic species (both in broadcast
spawners and in brooders), and in some brooding species
(i.e. Pocillopora damicornis) larvae can even be produced
asexually. For detailed information on the biology of sexual
coral reproduction, see Baird et al. (2009) and Harrison
and Wallace (1990).
which means that a single polyp produces both male andfemale gametes within one breeding season. Two differentmodes of reproduction are known (see Fig. 3): (i) internalfertilization and release of settlement-competent planulalarvae (also known as brooding) or (ii) external fertilizationwith a 1–4 days planktonic embryogenic stage dependingon the species and water conditions (also known as broadcast spawning). Reproductive cycles are often dependent onexternal cues, such as seasonal temperature (spawning usually occurs when the water temperature reaches its annualmaximum of 28–30°C) and the lunar cycle. Brooders mayrelease larvae daily, without a visible pattern, or havemonthly or seasonal reproductive cycles, whereas broadcastspawners usually show an annual cycle where they spawn ina few consecutive nights of two consecutive months. In arecent review, Bairdet al.(2009) found out that of approximately 400 scleractinian species investigated, 16% arebrooders and 30% are gonochoric. Self-fertilization hasbeen observed in hermaphroditic species (both in broadcastspawners and in brooders), and in some brooding species(i.e. Pocillopora damicornis) larvae can even be producedasexually. For detailed information on the biology of sexualcoral reproduction, see Baird et al. (2009) and Harrisonand Wallace (1990).
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
![](//thimg.ilovetranslation.com/pic/loading_3.gif?v=b9814dd30c1d7c59_8619)