Ministry of Education, Sports."."Many Japanese are having second thoughts about cram-free education “in which class hours and curriculum content were reduced to develop a “zest for living”---introduced in the late 1990s. Reformers want to establish a curriculum that pushes students harder and allows more advanced content.
In February 2008, the government said it was considering raising class hours and learning content, particularly in math and science. “Cram-free education” is regarded as a failure in the eyes of many. The achievement of goals was to develop a “zest for living” and foster creativity is a matter of debate. Meanwhile, reduction of hour and changes in curriculum has been blamed for reducing students’ basic scholastic ability.
In response to declines in the performance of Japanese students on national tests, class hours and content in primary school and middle will increase starting in the 2009 school year with a weekly increase of one hour in each of the six grades with students learning more advance science and math at younger ages.
The change marks the first time 30 years that school hours have been increased. The education ministry plans to set clear goals for each grade and establish the amount of time needed to meet these goals. In 1st and 2nd grades the emphasis is on Japanese language, arithmetic and physical education. In 3rd and 4th grades the amount of science will be increased to help build reasoning skills. In the 5th and 6th grade comprehension ability begins to diverge, arithmetic and science will be strengthened.
In middle school the number of hours of study of science and math will increase. In the third and last year Japanese and social studies classes will increase. To make more room for these subjects general studies classes are being cut back.
Math and Science in Japan
Hours of math and science instructional time per year for eighth graders: Japan (90 hours in science and 117 hours in math); Germany (136 hours in science and 114 hours in math); and the United States (140 hours in science and 143 hours in math).
Percentage of eighth grade math and science teachers who assigned homework three to five times a week: Japan (4 percent among science teachers and 21 percent among math teachers); Germany (12 percent among science teachers and 75 percent among math teachers); and the United States (48 percent among science teachers and 86 percent among math teachers).
Ranking of education systems and worker productivity in Asia by Hong Kong-based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy: 1) South Korea; 2) Singapore; 3) Japan; 4) Taiwan; 5) India; 6) China; 7) Malaysia; 8) Hong Kong; 9) the Philippines; 10) Thailand; 11) Vietnam; 12) Indonesia
To stimulate an interest in the science, study guidelines for physics, chemistry and math have been introduced that are illustrated with cute female characters in short skirts and French maid outfits.
The abacus---known as soroban in Japanese---has been a fixture of Japanese education for along time. Kids have traditionally learned how to use it in school and, in recent decades, took special after-school classes on it. When the soroban craze was at its height in the 1980s about 2 million children and adults passed a special sorobon test and received certification on it. By 2005 the soroban test figure had dropped to 180,000 as children relied more on computers and calculators to do arithmetic. In 2008, the figure had risen to 200,000 in the belief that using an abacus was good training for the mind.
Increase in Hours of Math and Science in Japanese Schools
In December 2012, Jun Ishikawa wrote in the Yomiuri Shimbun, “New guidelines were implemented starting with science and mathematics in primary schools in fiscal 2009. Total science class hours for third-grade primary school students increased from two to 2.6 per week, and from 2.6 to three for fourth-grade students. [Source: Jun Ishikawa, Yomiuri Shimbun, December 14, 2012 ]
In Senju Primary School, one science class hour a week is used by students to discuss how to conduct experiments and hypothesize results; another two hours of class are used to conduct the experiments. In the past, teachers tended to lead science experiments and students were passive. Now the method has changed and students can be at the center. Tamura said: "If we only taught with words, students would forget them in a few months. If they participate in the experiments, the experience can really take root."
Under the new curriculum guidelines, science class hours for first- to third-year students increased from 290 per year to 385, while those of mathematics increased from 315 to 385. Class hours for the two subjects increased from one to 1.7 per week. A science teacher in a municipal middle school in Chiba lamented, "Unless there is an accumulation [of knowledge] from their time as primary school students, raising the level of academic capability may be difficult."
In recent years, he has begun to feel that the capability of even high- and middle-ranked students has fallen, as many could not do their fractional calculations properly. "Under the cram-free education policy, textbooks were diluted and some steps [for studying a certain subject] were skipped along the way. To raise students' capability levels, it may take more time [than we had assumed]," he said. Even senior officials at the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry now openly criticize the cram-free education policy they had previously promoted. One said the lowly results "were partly due to the fact that students were educated under the previous curriculum guidelines in primary school."
กระทรวงศึกษาธิการMinistry of Education, Sports."."Many Japanese are having second thoughts about cram- -การศึกษาฟรี" ความสนุกสำหรับการใช้ชีวิต" แนะนำในปลายปี ปฏิรูปต้องการสร้างหลักสูตรที่ผลักดันนักเรียนหนักขึ้นและช่วยให้เนื้อหาขั้นสูงมากขึ้นในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ปี " - การศึกษาฟรีถือได้ว่าเป็นความล้มเหลว ในสายตาของหลาย ๆ ความสำเร็จในเป้าหมายคือการพัฒนา" และความคิดสร้างสรรค์อุปถัมภ์เป็นเรื่องของการอภิปราย ในขณะที่การลดลงของชั่วโมงและการเปลี่ยนแปลงในหลักสูตรที่ได้รับการตำหนิสำหรับการลดนักเรียน' ในการตอบสนองต่อการลดลงในการทำงานของนักเรียนญี่ปุ่นในการทดสอบระดับชาติชั่วโมงเรียนและเนื้อหาในโรงเรียนประถมและมัธยมจะเพิ่มขึ้นเริ่มต้นในปี การเปลี่ยนแปลงนับเป็นครั้งแรกเมื่อ กระทรวงการศึกษาวางแผนที่จะกำหนดเป้าหมายที่ชัดเจนสำหรับแต่ละชั้นและสร้างปริมาณของเวลาที่จำเป็นเพื่อให้บรรลุเป้าหมายเหล่านี้ ในครั้งที่ ในครั้งที่ ความสามารถในการเข้าใจในชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ ในโรงเรียนมัธยมจำนวนชั่วโมงของการศึกษาวิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์จะเพิ่มขึ้น ในไตรมาสที่สามและปีที่ผ่านมาญี่ปุ่นและสังคมศึกษาชั้นเรียนจะเพิ่มขึ้น free education “in which class hours and curriculum content were reduced to develop a “zest for living”---introduced in the late 1990s. Reformers want to establish a curriculum that pushes students harder and allows more advanced content.
In February 2008, the government said it was considering raising class hours and learning content, particularly in math and science. “Cram-free education” is regarded as a failure in the eyes of many. The achievement of goals was to develop a “zest for living” and foster creativity is a matter of debate. Meanwhile, reduction of hour and changes in curriculum has been blamed for reducing students’ basic scholastic ability.
In response to declines in the performance of Japanese students on national tests, class hours and content in primary school and middle will increase starting in the 2009 school year with a weekly increase of one hour in each of the six grades with students learning more advance science and math at younger ages.
The change marks the first time 30 years that school hours have been increased. The education ministry plans to set clear goals for each grade and establish the amount of time needed to meet these goals. In 1st and 2nd grades the emphasis is on Japanese language, arithmetic and physical education. In 3rd and 4th grades the amount of science will be increased to help build reasoning skills. In the 5th and 6th grade comprehension ability begins to diverge, arithmetic and science will be strengthened.
In middle school the number of hours of study of science and math will increase. In the third and last year Japanese and social studies classes will increase. To make more room for these subjects general studies classes are being cut back.
Math and Science in Japan
Hours of math and science instructional time per year for eighth graders: Japan (90 hours in science and 117 hours in math); Germany (136 hours in science and 114 hours in math); and the United States (140 hours in science and 143 hours in math).
Percentage of eighth grade math and science teachers who assigned homework three to five times a week: Japan (4 percent among science teachers and 21 percent among math teachers); Germany (12 percent among science teachers and 75 percent among math teachers); and the United States (48 percent among science teachers and 86 percent among math teachers).
Ranking of education systems and worker productivity in Asia by Hong Kong-based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy: 1) South Korea; 2) Singapore; 3) Japan; 4) Taiwan; 5) India; 6) China; 7) Malaysia; 8) Hong Kong; 9) the Philippines; 10) Thailand; 11) Vietnam; 12) Indonesia
To stimulate an interest in the science, study guidelines for physics, chemistry and math have been introduced that are illustrated with cute female characters in short skirts and French maid outfits.
The abacus---known as soroban in Japanese---has been a fixture of Japanese education for along time. Kids have traditionally learned how to use it in school and, in recent decades, took special after-school classes on it. When the soroban craze was at its height in the 1980s about 2 million children and adults passed a special sorobon test and received certification on it. By 2005 the soroban test figure had dropped to 180,000 as children relied more on computers and calculators to do arithmetic. In 2008, the figure had risen to 200,000 in the belief that using an abacus was good training for the mind.
Increase in Hours of Math and Science in Japanese Schools
In December 2012, Jun Ishikawa wrote in the Yomiuri Shimbun, “New guidelines were implemented starting with science and mathematics in primary schools in fiscal 2009. Total science class hours for third-grade primary school students increased from two to 2.6 per week, and from 2.6 to three for fourth-grade students. [Source: Jun Ishikawa, Yomiuri Shimbun, December 14, 2012 <=>]
In Senju Primary School, one science class hour a week is used by students to discuss how to conduct experiments and hypothesize results; another two hours of class are used to conduct the experiments. In the past, teachers tended to lead science experiments and students were passive. Now the method has changed and students can be at the center. Tamura said: "If we only taught with words, students would forget them in a few months. If they participate in the experiments, the experience can really take root." <=>
Under the new curriculum guidelines, science class hours for first- to third-year students increased from 290 per year to 385, while those of mathematics increased from 315 to 385. Class hours for the two subjects increased from one to 1.7 per week. A science teacher in a municipal middle school in Chiba lamented, "Unless there is an accumulation [of knowledge] from their time as primary school students, raising the level of academic capability may be difficult."<=>
In recent years, he has begun to feel that the capability of even high- and middle-ranked students has fallen, as many could not do their fractional calculations properly. "Under the cram-free education policy, textbooks were diluted and some steps [for studying a certain subject] were skipped along the way. To raise students' capability levels, it may take more time [than we had assumed]," he said. Even senior officials at the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry now openly criticize the cram-free education policy they had previously promoted. One said the lowly results "were partly due to the fact that students were educated under the previous curriculum guidelines in primary school." <=>
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