Capture fisheries landings as a whole have plateaued at around 85± 95 Mt (million metric tonnes, or megatonnes) per year8. Moreover, there has been a gradual shift in wild fish capture from large and valuable carnivorous species to smaller, less valuable species that feed at lower trophic levels. Although catch rates for some species have not declined during the 1990s, most ocean fisheries stocks are now recognized as over or fully fished