SD treatment promoted flower bud initiation and development
(Table 1). In SD treatments for 2 or 3 weeks starting at the cotyledon
stage and for 1, 2 or 3 weeks starting at the 2 true leaves stage,
flower bud initiation (dome-shaped apex) was observed 20 days
after sowing in plants with 4 true leaves. In plants exposed to SD
for 1 week starting at the cotyledon stage or for 1, 2 or 3 weeks
starting at the 4 true leaves stage, flower bud initiation occurred 24
days after sowing in plants with 6 true leaves. Flower bud initiation
of control plants occurred at 28 days after sowing in plants with 8
true leaves. When 8 true leaves had expanded, corolla and anther
differentiation (stage 8) was observed in the 2-week SD treatment
of plants starting at the cotyledon stage. The control plants had just
started flower bud initiation at the 8 true leaves stage.
In all SD treatments flower bud development and anthesis
occurred earlier than in the control plants that were grown under
continuous LD conditions (Table 2). Flower buds became visible
27 days after sowing in the 2-week SD treatment beginning at
The present study suggests that under LD conditions such as
found in summer, SD treatment for 2 weeks beginning at the cotyledon
or two true leaves stage can promote earlier flowering of
quantitative SD sunflower plants without reducing the quality of
cut flowers.
SD treatment promoted flower bud initiation and development
(Table 1). In SD treatments for 2 or 3 weeks starting at the cotyledon
stage and for 1, 2 or 3 weeks starting at the 2 true leaves stage,
flower bud initiation (dome-shaped apex) was observed 20 days
after sowing in plants with 4 true leaves. In plants exposed to SD
for 1 week starting at the cotyledon stage or for 1, 2 or 3 weeks
starting at the 4 true leaves stage, flower bud initiation occurred 24
days after sowing in plants with 6 true leaves. Flower bud initiation
of control plants occurred at 28 days after sowing in plants with 8
true leaves. When 8 true leaves had expanded, corolla and anther
differentiation (stage 8) was observed in the 2-week SD treatment
of plants starting at the cotyledon stage. The control plants had just
started flower bud initiation at the 8 true leaves stage.
In all SD treatments flower bud development and anthesis
occurred earlier than in the control plants that were grown under
continuous LD conditions (Table 2). Flower buds became visible
27 days after sowing in the 2-week SD treatment beginning at
The present study suggests that under LD conditions such as
found in summer, SD treatment for 2 weeks beginning at the cotyledon
or two true leaves stage can promote earlier flowering of
quantitative SD sunflower plants without reducing the quality of
cut flowers.
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