Moreover, the presence of momentum investing, herding and market inefficiency makes much of finance theory impotent. Minsky's explanation of how asset prices can fall precipi tously is a well-known example of reality contradicting traditional efficient market theory. As Woolley in the London Stock Exchange Report on the Future of Finance(Woolley, in Turner et al., 2010, p. 113) reports: The and scale of mispricing invalidates much of the existing toolbox of fund management Security market indices no longer constitute e port no longer seen as appropriate benchmarks for either active or passive investment. Risk analysis based on past prices and used to assess the riskiness of portfolios and the basis