CSE analgesia was initiated with intrathecal plain bupivacaine 3.125 mg plus 5 μg fentanyl.
Thereafter, patient-controlled epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine plus 2 μg/mL
fentanyl was used for maintenance analgesia in both groups. The primary outcome was an
assessment of “typical” pain, using a verbal rating pain score from 0 to 10, made at the end of
the first stage of labor and shortly after delivery.