Since new ecologically friendly materials based on fast-renewable natural sources meet the requirements of sustainable building: such as energy efficiency not only by insulation but also during production of building materials, reuse and recycling of building materials, and application of renewable resources,the demand for these building materials is currently a growing topic. Agricultural straws (mainly rice and wheat straw) are abundant in China. To produce building materials from straws with their low thermal conductivity, fibrous character, low density, non-toxic, and pollution-free will have a bright future in China.