Football League11 and other employers to assess the intellectual abilities of their
prospective hires; 944 completed an 18-item “need for cognition” scale (NFC),
which measures the endorsement of statements like “the notion of thinking ab-stractly is appealing to me” (Cacioppo, Petty and Kao, 1984). Several hundred respondents also reported their scores on the Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT)
or the American College Test (ACT), the two most common college entrance
examinations.