Leakage: Using CACTI, we also estimate the total leakage power per CMAC matrix to be 0.36 mW, and consequently the leakage energy to be 5.4 pJ per DRAM cycle. Overall, we find the energy overhead of the selfoptimizing schedulers to be negligible (the equivalent of about 2% of the energy consumed by the DRAM on average). Nevertheless, the energy and Et 2 results reported in sections 6.1, 7.1, and 8 do include this overhead. Moreover, in our results we effectively assess zero energy overhead for the competing FR-FCFS and Pwr-FR-FCFS schemes.