Various molecularly targeted drugs against a range of cancers, including breast cancer, have recently been developed. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor (HER/ErbB) receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2). Around 15–20% of patients with breast cancer have HER2-positive tumors, and overexpression of HER2 is observed in these patients [1]. Trastuzumab has been shown to induce tumor regression in such patients. Sunitinib, sorafenib, and bevacizumab are multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit tumor neovascularization and are currently in clinical trials [2, 3]. These drugs are associated with serious problems such as adverse effects, drug resistance, and low efficacy of single therapy, particularly against metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. Hormone therapy has also been used against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, about 10 to 15% of breast cancers do not express either estrogen or progesterone receptor (ER and PgR, resp.) and do not overexpress the HER2 gene [4].
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) pericarp contains various phytochemicals, primarily xanthones, and the resin extracts have long been used for medicinal purposes in Southeast Asia [5]. α-Mangostin is a one of xanthones present in mangosteen pericarp (78% content). A recent study has shown that α-mangostin induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in various types of human cancer cells [5–8]. We previously reported that α-mangostin significantly inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model of mammary cancer [9, 10]. In addition, α-mangostin treatment significantly decreased the levels of phospho-Akt-threonine 308(Thr308) in a human mammary carcinoma cell line and mammary carcinoma tissues in vivo [10].
Here, we investigated the antitumor potential of α-mangostin on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a human breast cancer cell line carrying a p53 mutation and having HER2-, ER-, and PgR-negative status.
Various molecularly targeted drugs against a range of cancers, including breast cancer, have recently been developed. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor (HER/ErbB) receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2). Around 15–20% of patients with breast cancer have HER2-positive tumors, and overexpression of HER2 is observed in these patients [1]. Trastuzumab has been shown to induce tumor regression in such patients. Sunitinib, sorafenib, and bevacizumab are multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit tumor neovascularization and are currently in clinical trials [2, 3]. These drugs are associated with serious problems such as adverse effects, drug resistance, and low efficacy of single therapy, particularly against metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. Hormone therapy has also been used against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, about 10 to 15% of breast cancers do not express either estrogen or progesterone receptor (ER and PgR, resp.) and do not overexpress the HER2 gene [4].
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) pericarp contains various phytochemicals, primarily xanthones, and the resin extracts have long been used for medicinal purposes in Southeast Asia [5]. α-Mangostin is a one of xanthones present in mangosteen pericarp (78% content). A recent study has shown that α-mangostin induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in various types of human cancer cells [5–8]. We previously reported that α-mangostin significantly inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model of mammary cancer [9, 10]. In addition, α-mangostin treatment significantly decreased the levels of phospho-Akt-threonine 308(Thr308) in a human mammary carcinoma cell line and mammary carcinoma tissues in vivo [10].
Here, we investigated the antitumor potential of α-mangostin on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a human breast cancer cell line carrying a p53 mutation and having HER2-, ER-, and PgR-negative status.
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