In the 1990s, market liberalization was chosen to speed up economic growth and industrialization after a long period of hunger, poverty, and international isolation. Under this pressure, the state played a more active role in consolidating reform results and looking for new options. However, reform efforts in the 1990s focused more on nonagricultural sectors, as agriculture and rural development were still benefiting from the momentum brought about by the drastic reform through Resolution 10 in 1988. In the new millennium, benefits from high economic growth again established a sound base for the state to reconsider its new urban-bias development strategies. Declining agricultural growth, widening rural–urban income gaps, and decreasing rural social stability became major factors contributing to the new tendency toward balancing intersectoral growth and integrating agricultural and rural development into the high-speed process of industrialization, modernization, and international integration (World Bank 2008; Dang 2009). Resolution 26 issued by the VCP in 2008 opened a new era for agricultural and rural development in Vietnam.