References in Text: Footnotes and Endnotes (14.14 - 14.55)
• In Chicago notes/bibliography style, footnotes or endnotes are used to cite quotes, paraphrases, and other in-text references (13.3, 14.14-14.40).
o Footnotes are numbered citations listed at the bottom of each page in the research paper
o Endnotes are numbered citations listed on a single page at the end of the research paper
• To cite a source, a small superscript (raised) number is placed after each in-text reference (14.19). Throughout the paper, these in-text references are numbered in sequential order. For example:
Mooney found that "domestic violence has, since the 1970s, been increasingly
recognized as a social problem." 1
• Each numbered reference then corresponds to a numbered citation in the footnote or endnote that provides author, date, and publication information for each source. The numbers in the notes are full size, not raised, and followed by a period.
• Citations in notes are single-spaced (unless otherwise instructed), but there is a double space between entries. The first line is indented.