In a future study related to this paper, i.e., practical use of the theoretical framework as a management system, we must elaborate a set of key performance indicators based on analysis results of proper data collected from a number of healthcare experts. In the present study, the indicator set, which was shown in Table 4, was selected on the basis of usefulness for hospital management with consideration of face, content and construct validities. In addition to these three types of validities, we must further take into account other requirements for design of performance indicators such as “collectability” of indicators (how easily data are collected for a specific indicator), reliable methods for collecting data, and definitions of indicators (how to calculate each indicator). Once we establish an effective set of key indicators, we would implement a prototype of computer-based management tool in order to evaluate its usefulness and extract practical problems and their solution ideas.