The relationship between economic development and environmental quality is a debated
topic. Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is one prominent hypothesis, positing an inverted
U-shaped development–environment relationship. Here we test this hypothesis using data
from Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Established in 1980 as the first special economic
zone in China, Shenzhen has developed from a small village into a large urban-industrial
agglomeration with the highest income level in the country. The enormous expansion of
infrastructure, industrial sites and urban settlements has profoundly changed the local
environment. We utilize environmental monitoring data from Shenzhen on concentration
of pollutants in ambient air, main rivers, and near-shore waters from 1989 to 2003. The
results show that production-induced pollutants support EKC while consumption-induced
pollutants do not support it.
The relationship between economic development and environmental quality is a debatedtopic. Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is one prominent hypothesis, positing an invertedU-shaped development–environment relationship. Here we test this hypothesis using datafrom Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Established in 1980 as the first special economiczone in China, Shenzhen has developed from a small village into a large urban-industrialagglomeration with the highest income level in the country. The enormous expansion ofinfrastructure, industrial sites and urban settlements has profoundly changed the localenvironment. We utilize environmental monitoring data from Shenzhen on concentrationof pollutants in ambient air, main rivers, and near-shore waters from 1989 to 2003. Theresults show that production-induced pollutants support EKC while consumption-inducedpollutants do not support it.
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