Brood pheromonetreated colonies rear significantly greater amounts of brood, have a lower age of Þrst foraging among workers, have sig- niÞcantly higher ratios of pollen-to-nonpollen foragers,and their foragers return with heavier pollen loads and take more foraging trips per unit time (Pankiw et al. 2004, 2008; Pankiw 2007; Sagili and Pankiw 2009; Pankiw et al. 2011)