3. Results and discussion
Chemical analyses of the fresh meat products are summarised
in Table 1. The pH of raw meat samples ranged from 5.56 to
7.95. The moisture level of the raw meat samples was between
69.25 and 77.21%. The fat levels of raw meat samples were from
1.68 to 7.18%. The protein levels of raw meat samples ranged from
17.98 to 21.53%.
Meat and fish samples were extracted in triplicate and analysed
by HPLC. The limit of detection was 1.5 ng/mL and the limit of
quantification was 5.0 ng/mL for CML. The CML quantitative determinations
in raw, boiled, fried or baked meat are summarised in
Fig. 1 and Table 3, and the amount of each sample was expressed
in lg/g food.
In the present study, we first detected the CML levels in the
outer layer (2 mm) among all the samples, and in the middle layer
(2 mm) of fried samples. CML was found among all samples and
the contents were in the range of 1.09 lg/g food (inside layer of
fried pork) to 21.84 lg/g food (outer layer of broiled beef steak).
We found that all cooked meat items showed higher levels of
CML in the outer layer as opposed to the untreated meat
(p < 0.05), such as in the fried beef (20.03 lg/g) compared to the
raw samples (2.05 lg/g). The result are similar to those reported
by Assar, Moloney, Lima, Magee, and Ames (2009), who indicated
CML content in fried minced beef (11.2 mg/kg food) was much
higher than it was in raw minced beef (0.72 mg/kg food). As can
be seen in Fig. 1, all cooking methods (broiling, frying and baking)
significantly increased the formation of CML in the outer layer of
the meat samples.
As shown in Table 4, except for the tilapia samples, we did not
find dramatic change of the CML contents in the inside layer of
fried meat and fish (p > 0.05). All the levels of CML in the outer
layer of fried meat were much higher than they were in the middle
layers (p < 0.05). It is possible more water-soluble precursors are
transferred to the surface of meat to form AGEs at cooking
3. Results and discussion
Chemical analyses of the fresh meat products are summarised
in Table 1. The pH of raw meat samples ranged from 5.56 to
7.95. The moisture level of the raw meat samples was between
69.25 and 77.21%. The fat levels of raw meat samples were from
1.68 to 7.18%. The protein levels of raw meat samples ranged from
17.98 to 21.53%.
Meat and fish samples were extracted in triplicate and analysed
by HPLC. The limit of detection was 1.5 ng/mL and the limit of
quantification was 5.0 ng/mL for CML. The CML quantitative determinations
in raw, boiled, fried or baked meat are summarised in
Fig. 1 and Table 3, and the amount of each sample was expressed
in lg/g food.
In the present study, we first detected the CML levels in the
outer layer (2 mm) among all the samples, and in the middle layer
(2 mm) of fried samples. CML was found among all samples and
the contents were in the range of 1.09 lg/g food (inside layer of
fried pork) to 21.84 lg/g food (outer layer of broiled beef steak).
We found that all cooked meat items showed higher levels of
CML in the outer layer as opposed to the untreated meat
(p < 0.05), such as in the fried beef (20.03 lg/g) compared to the
raw samples (2.05 lg/g). The result are similar to those reported
by Assar, Moloney, Lima, Magee, and Ames (2009), who indicated
CML content in fried minced beef (11.2 mg/kg food) was much
higher than it was in raw minced beef (0.72 mg/kg food). As can
be seen in Fig. 1, all cooking methods (broiling, frying and baking)
significantly increased the formation of CML in the outer layer of
the meat samples.
As shown in Table 4, except for the tilapia samples, we did not
find dramatic change of the CML contents in the inside layer of
fried meat and fish (p > 0.05). All the levels of CML in the outer
layer of fried meat were much higher than they were in the middle
layers (p < 0.05). It is possible more water-soluble precursors are
transferred to the surface of meat to form AGEs at cooking
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