Jamal and Goode (2001) defined brand consciousness as a shopping orientation which is
characterized by the degree to which a consumer is oriented toward buying well-known branded
products. They use brand consciousness as a decision-making rule linking brand perceptions and
consumers’ self/gender consciousness. Goode (2001) suggested that consumers with high levels
of brand consciousness believe that brands can represent status and prestige, and are more likely
to buy expensive and high status brands. Brand names gradually become a part of consumers’
language, brand consciousness is the important role in their decision making process, thus
making branded products is a symbol of their status (Liao and Wang, 2009).