The
outbreak
situation
in
Germany
caused
by
an
unusual
serotype
of
intestinal
coliform
bacterium
revealed
difficulties
in
investigating
and
detecting
the
nature
and
source
of
such
bacteria.
It
also
exposed
a
certain
lack
of
knowledge
and
information
in
society
regarding
the
origin
of
coliform
bacteria,
resulting
in
misinterpretation
of
faecal
pollution
risk.
It
is
therefore
essential
to
provide
basic
knowledge
and
infor
mation
on
the
coliform
group,
in
particular
coliform
bacteria
(CB),
thermotolerant
coliform
bacteria
(TCB)
and
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli),
and
to
clarify
which
bacteria
within
this
group
represent
the
most
accurate
indicator
of
faecal
contamination
in
the
environment.
The
CB
comprises
a
large
group
of
bacteria
that
can
originate
from
faecal
matter
of
human
and
warm-blooded
animals,
and/or
from
the
environment.
Within
the
CB,
there
is
a
sub-group
of
TCB,
i.e.
faecal
and
non-faecal
coliforms
that
are
resistant
to
high
temperatures.
The
main
bacterium
in
the
TCB
group
is
E.
coli,
found
exclusively
in
the
faeces
of
humans,
other
mammals,
and
birds.
Most
strains
of
E.
coli
are
harmless;
however
many
are
associated
with
human
and
animal
diseases.
Nevertheless,
the
occurrence
of
E.
coli
in
the
environment
does
not
necessarily
result
in
the
threat
of
disease;
however
its
presence
definitely
indicates
pollution
with
faecal
matter
The outbreak situation in Germany caused by an unusual serotype of intestinal coliform bacteriumrevealed difficulties in investigating and detecting the nature and source of such bacteria. It also exposeda certain lack of knowledge and information in society regarding the origin of coliform bacteria, resultingin misinterpretation of faecal pollution risk. It is therefore essential to provide basic knowledge and information on the coliform group, in particular coliform bacteria (CB), thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB)and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and to clarify which bacteria within this group represent the most accurateindicator of faecal contamination in the environment. The CB comprises a large group of bacteria thatcan originate from faecal matter of human and warm-blooded animals, and/or from the environment.Within the CB, there is a sub-group of TCB, i.e. faecal and non-faecal coliforms that are resistant to hightemperatures. The main bacterium in the TCB group is E. coli, found exclusively in the faeces of humans,other mammals, and birds. Most strains of E. coli are harmless; however many are associated with humanand animal diseases. Nevertheless, the occurrence of E. coli in the environment does not necessarily resultin the threat of disease; however its presence definitely indicates pollution with faecal matter
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