The predominantly conventional waste management methods have failed because they do not
effectively address local conditions such as culture, financing system, institutional framework,
technical and human capacities, socio- political situation and waste characteristics. There is
therefore need for urban councils to explore opportunities for innovative integrated approach
for sustainable waste management such as the 3Rs, composting, anaerobic biogas production
that involve all stakeholders including the community and the informal sector. The process
from planning to implementation should be all inclusive to ensure consensus building for
success. The role of the private sector, NGOs, CBOs and the informal sector should be
strengthened to minimise waste in the environment while at the same time providing social
and economic benefits to communities especially the urban poor. This requires long-term
planning by the urban councils that involve all the stakeholders.