The second stage of the study involved semi-structured interviews with 20 CFOs in
Hong Kong. The interview sample was identified via phone calls using the same
procedure as that employed for the survey. All of the interviews were conducted in the
meeting rooms of local CPA firms after office hours. Content analysis was performed
on the interview data to identify and categorize patterns and themes (Patton, 1990).
Each interview began with an open-ended question designed to elicit the CFO’s views
on the factors that are associated with a lack of fraud within organizations. He or she
was then asked to respond to a number of prepared questions covering the issues
surrounding: