Results:Neuralplasticity is believed to be the basis for bothlearning in the intactbrain and relearning in the damaged brain that occurs through physical rehabilitation. Neuroscience research has made significant advances in understanding experiencedependent neural plasticity, and these findings are beginning to be integrated with researchonthedegenerativeandregenerativeeffectsofbraindamage.Thequalities and constraints of experience-dependent neural plasticity are likely to be of major relevance to rehabilitation efforts in humans with brain damage. However, some research topics need much more attention in order to enhance the translation of this area of neuroscience to clinical research and practice.