Mechanized pivot irrigation equipment has advantages over other methods of irrigation because of the uniform application of water to large fields, low energy consumption, relatively low cost, and the savings in labor required for irrigation. The average life of a center pivot is more than twenty-five years of annual usage, resulting in a very low total life-time cost of ownership. Its ability to operate over undulating ground gives the additional advantage of not requiring costly land leveling, as is the case with other forms of irrigation. Chemicals can also be applied to the crop through aqueous solution with the irrigation water or by separate spray manifolds mounted on the pipeline structure. Water runoff can be virtually eliminated by the precise application of only the amount of water that can be absorbed by the soil. There is a growing market for mechanized irrigation equipment to dispense wastewater through pivots to irrigate field crops such as alfalfa hay. Large industrial consumers of water such as food processors, paper producers, and municipalities can benefit from the reuse of the water through pivots in such productive ways.