Fig. 1. Effects on two aphid parasitoids, Aphelinus certus and Aphelinus glycinis, of
soybean aphid resistant versus susceptible alleles for two genes (Rag1 and Rag2) in
soybean: (a) number of aphids in which eggs were oviposited, (b) number of
soybean aphid successfully parasitized (i.e. mummified), (c) size of females among
parasitoid progeny, (d) proportion males among parasitoid progeny. Error bars are
standard errors; asterisks indicate the difference in means for resistant versus
susceptible alleles was significant with P < 0.05 (⁄), P < 0.01 (⁄⁄), or P < 0.0001 (⁄⁄⁄⁄)
using step-down simulated probability estimates corrected for multiple
comparisons.