The skin is like a fly screen. It allows toxins out and oxygen in, but screens out larger substances which could otherwise be detrimental to the body. To enter the epidermis, a substance must have a molecular weight (size) less than 3,000. To enter the cell, it must be below 800. Substances below 75 can enter the bloodstream. 99% of ingredients used in cosmetic products have a high molecular weight which prevents them from entering the skin at all. A few well refined formulations have molecular weights as low as 2,000 which means they can enter the outer layers of the skin, but are still too large to work at a cellular level. The medical industry uses a special process by which almost any substance can be reduced in molecular weight. This process is used to create formulations for use typically in hormone replacement therapy and nicotine patches. There is only one company that we are aware of which owns the patented rights this the high-tech molecular reduction process for use in skin care products.