he grid due to several stimulating factors made TSOs
to constantly improve their NCs demanding more responsibilities
from LPVPPs. Recently, TSOs put more and
more focus on frequency support functions due to several
triggering events caused by the increase of the total installed
PV capacity.
This paper performs for the first time a time-domain evaluation
combined with statistical analysis of the IEEE 12 bus
system synthetic frequency. LPVPPs with APR, which share
the responsibilities of frequency control with the conventional
generation show how to improve the overall system response
and reduce the short- and long-term stresses over the synchronous
generators in the system. LPVPPs supplying mandatory
FSM enhanced with high-sensitivity IR have a direct impact
also over the global indicators of frequency quality: decrease
the standard deviation, percentiles, and reduce the number of
SRF violations