Culture-dependentandculture-independentmethodswerecombinedfortheinvestigationofaceticacidbacteria
(AAB) populations in traditionally produced vinegars and mother of vinegar samples obtained from apple and
grape. The culture-independent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, which targeted the
V7–V8 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, showed that Komagataeibacter hansenii and Komagataeibacter europaeus/
Komagataeibacter xylinus were the most dominant species in almost all of the samples analyzed directly