Experiment 1b
The aim of Experiment 1b was to examine whether children who showed an apparent perceptual bias were in fact basing their choice on age (pairing the adult target with another adult). In Experiment 1a, an animation from juvenile to adult was used to emphasize the relationship between the two items; the juvenile and adult were from the same category (in fact, they were exactly the same item—the adult was the ‘‘grown-up’’ version of the juvenile). We confirmed that children understood this relationship by asking them to label the juvenile and adult items in the initial and final categori- zation tasks. Therefore, we were confident that if children understood the importance of category information, they would use this information in the induction task. However, this design created a fur- ther grouping that could be used to inform category decisions, specifically, the age of the target and test items (either juvenile or adult). Experiment 1b followed the same format as Experiment 1a except that two conditions were compared where the category choice varied in age (juvenile or adult). The ‘‘juvenile as category choice’’ trials (hereafter referred to as juvenile trials) were the same as the HSD condition from Experiment 1a: 12 induction triads with an adult target, an adult HSD, and a juve- nile category choice. In the ‘‘adult as category choice’’ trials (hereafter referred to as adult trials), there were 12 induction triads with an adult target, an adult HSD, and an adult category choice that differed from the target on shape, color, markings, and marking color but had the same head shape. If younger children used age to inform their induction decisions, they would make more age-based choices in the juvenile trials (when the target and the distractor were adults and the category choice was a juvenile) than in the adult trials (when all three items were adults). This is because participants could use age
ทดลอง 1bThe aim of Experiment 1b was to examine whether children who showed an apparent perceptual bias were in fact basing their choice on age (pairing the adult target with another adult). In Experiment 1a, an animation from juvenile to adult was used to emphasize the relationship between the two items; the juvenile and adult were from the same category (in fact, they were exactly the same item—the adult was the ‘‘grown-up’’ version of the juvenile). We confirmed that children understood this relationship by asking them to label the juvenile and adult items in the initial and final categori- zation tasks. Therefore, we were confident that if children understood the importance of category information, they would use this information in the induction task. However, this design created a fur- ther grouping that could be used to inform category decisions, specifically, the age of the target and test items (either juvenile or adult). Experiment 1b followed the same format as Experiment 1a except that two conditions were compared where the category choice varied in age (juvenile or adult). The ‘‘juvenile as category choice’’ trials (hereafter referred to as juvenile trials) were the same as the HSD condition from Experiment 1a: 12 induction triads with an adult target, an adult HSD, and a juve- nile category choice. In the ‘‘adult as category choice’’ trials (hereafter referred to as adult trials), there were 12 induction triads with an adult target, an adult HSD, and an adult category choice that differed from the target on shape, color, markings, and marking color but had the same head shape. If younger children used age to inform their induction decisions, they would make more age-based choices in the juvenile trials (when the target and the distractor were adults and the category choice was a juvenile) than in the adult trials (when all three items were adults). This is because participants could use age
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