An urban heat island (UHI) is an urban area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas as a result of human activities. UHI occurs when cities replace natural land cover with pavements, buildings and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat (Buyantuyev and Wu, 2010; Kikon et al., 2016; Nuruzzaman, 2015; Nwakaire et al., 2020; Sen et al., 2019; Shahmohamadi et al., 2010). The dense concentrations of man-made infrastructure and limited greenery contribute to higher urban land surface temperature and UHI intensity. According to Masson et al. (2020), air temperatures in urban areas, especially in large metropolitan areas, could be 10 °C warmer than in the surrounding rural areas.