1. More details about the problems are available in a practitioner-oriented article where
researchers previously used the data in this study primarily to report the severity of the problems
[43]. The data were also used in an academic article reporting the exploratory factor analysis
summarized later in this paper [44]. The current paper builds on those earlier ones by contributing
a more sophisticated and meticulously developed causal model. It also validates the factor
analysis results through covariance structure analysis. The causal model and validation are
presented in subsequent sections. Neither was published before.