This study examined the influence of the quality of home and preschool learning environments on the
development of early numeracy skills in Germany, drawing on a sample of 532 children in 97 preschools.
Latent growth curve models were used to investigate early numeracy skills and their development from
the first (average age: 3 years) to the third year (average age: 5 years) of preschool. Several child and family
background factors (e.g., gender, maternal education, socioeconomic status), measures of the home
learning environment (e.g., literacy- and numeracy-related activities), and measures of preschool structural
and process quality (e.g., ECERS-E, ECERS-R) were tested as predictors of numeracy skills and their
development. The analyses identified child and family background factors that predicted numeracy skills
in the first year of preschool and their development over the three points of measurement—particularly
gender, parental native language status (German/other), socioeconomic status, and mother’s educational
level. The quality of the home learning environment was strongly associated with numeracy skills in the
first year of preschool, and this advantage was maintained at later ages. In contrast, the process quality of
the preschool was not related to numeracy skills atthe first measurement, but was significantly related to
development over the period observed. The results underline the differential impact of the two learning
environments on the development of numeracy skills. Interaction effects are explored and discussed.