Since its inception, advertising
copy testing has been
a controversial topic. Areas
of debate have included the following
issues: (1) Test or No Test
(1930s to 1950s); (2) Recognition
versus Recall (1950s to 1960s);
and (3) Hierarchy of Effects
(1960s to 1970s) (Firth, 1934;
Leckenby and Plummer, 1983). In
the past 15 years the focus has
centered on the utility and relative
merits of "recall" versus
forced exposure "persuasion"
measures.