Guava is a commercial fruit crop in many tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. The fruit is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fibre and dietary antioxidants. High perishability and susceptibility to physical damage, chilling injury, diseases and insect-pests are the major postharvest constraints of guava fruit. This chapter reviews the economic importance, postharvest physiology, maturity indices and effects of pre- and postharvest factors on guava fruit quality. Postharvest diseases, disorders and phytosanitary treatments are also reviewed. The chapter then discusses the harvest and postharvest handling procedures and methods of ripening and senescence control. The processing of guava fruit into fresh-cut and other processed products is also described.