lactic acid between SHF and SSF was caused by the promotion of
production of fungal biomass and/or ethanol in SHF and that
therefore the relative amount of lactic acid decreased. Details of the
reason for the above are unclear and further experiments will be
necessary to elucidate the mechanism. However, we conclude that
R. oryzae is able to produce lactic acid from wheat straw without
adding any supplemental material such as nitrogen source, inorganic
acid, or pH neutralizing agent except for the enzyme and that
SSF is a suitable method for lactic acid production from wheat straw
by the fungus based on the results of this study