Reliability
Relatively large random sample of women was included in this study. To ensure reliability, the researchers implemented a standardized approach for selecting and interviewing participants. The used tool was standardized and implemented to all participants in the same approach. The researchers themselves collected the data. Participants’ responses were checked for accuracy and verified by records checks. To ensure reliability, questionnaires were daily reviewed and verified.
Validity
To ensure validity, a content-related validity approach was followed through experts’ assessment (ten persons – including researchers, paediatricians, nutrition consultants, public health specialists, expert nurses, and statisticians). Using the Validity Index Technique, eight persons at least agreed on each questions to be considered valid. Also systematic checking and verification of data collection were performed. Also medical records from the health centres of the children involved in this study were double checked to verify certain variables. Data were cleaned and checked for logical frequencies. To maximize validity, the researchers re-collected and re-entered 30 questionnaires to ensure consistency and credibility.
Limitations
During the implementation of this study, the researchers faced some limitations such as lack of resources and materials about the study of concern (weaning), frequent cut-offs of the electricity as a result of the imposed siege on Gaza, the effect of political diversion and Gaza war on the participants, and also the design of this study is cross-sectional. Conducting cohort studies, taking mothers and their babies since birth, and following them could produce more reliable information. Potentially recall bias could occur.