It is important to emphasize that the risks of smoking while breast feeding to the infant (e.g., infant exposure to nicotine and tobacco smoke) may not outweigh the risks associated with formula feeding and smoking (e.g., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, respiratory and ear infections; for a discussion see American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, 2001). Thus, breast feeding may remain beneficial and appropriate for many women who relapse to smoking, and strategies may be employed to minimize infant nicotine exposure among women having difficulty with smoking cessation. For example, smoking immediately after breast feeding allows more time for the nicotine and other chemicals to leave the breast milk before the next feeding. Women may also reduce their overall level of smoking to minimize